It probably goes without saying that welding can be a dangerous activity that requires a certain level of safety gear. But understanding the specific hazards of arc welding like MIG and TIG can help you better choose the right equipment. After all, you’re not only exposed to extreme heat and blinding light, but also ultraviolet and infrared rays and hazardous gasses. Under such conditions, the right gear matters.
Here’s a look at the bare minimum of welding safety equipment you should have before striking that first arc. Understand that certain working conditions and materials may require additional equipment or safety levels. If in doubt, consult a professional welding resource for specific safety requirements beyond standard materials and conditions.
Welding Helmet
Welding produces intense ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation, which can cause severe eye injuries like arc eye (inflammation of the cornea) and retina burns. A welding helmet with a proper filter lens protects the eyes and face from these harmful radiations and flying sparks. The lens shade number should be selected based on the welding process and current used; for instance, TIG welding typically requires a shade number between 8 and 10, depending on the arc current.
When choosing a helmet, there are several features to consider based on the type of welding you’ll be doing. One of the most important is the type of lens. Helmets with a passive (fixed shade) lens have a constant dark tint, often a shade #10. While generally more affordable, they force users to lift the helmet to inspect work between welds, slowing down work efficiency. Helmets with auto-darkening lenes have sensors that detect the start of the welding arc. These helmets automatically adjust the lens shade to a darker setting, allowing continuous work without manual adjustments.
Adjustability on the fly is an important consideration. Look for an easily adjustable headband that you can fine-tune with gloves on. The same for the tensioner adjustment on the helmet tilt function. Seasoned welders can often focus only their bead, but novice welders may find simply wearing a helmet uncomfortable at first. A larger viewing area may provide some comfort thanks to their expanded field of view. Newer panoramic-view helmets offer even more visibility with excellent peripheral vision.
Welding Gloves
Heavy, flame-resistant welding gloves, typically made from leather, are essential to protect hands and wrists from burns, cuts, and scratches. They also offer some insulation against electric shock when kept dry and in good condition. But different types of gloves are designed specifically for different types of welding.The choice of glove material and design varies based on the welding process and specific requirements.
TIG welding gloves, for instance, are typically made from thin, pliable materials like goatskin. These offer the dexterity required for precise welds, though they provide less protection against heat and spatter than heavier gloves. However, TIG welding typically produces less of both, so this is rarely an issue when used accordingly. MIG welding gloves are often crafted from thicker cuts of top-grain cowhide, deerskin, or goatskin. They balance protection and flexibility and are designed to withstand higher heat and spatter levels than TIG gloves.
Welding gloves also feature unique design features compared to standard work gloves. Extended cuffs (gauntlet cuffs) protect the forearms from sparks and heat and go over most work shirts. Some may feature padding and reinforcements with additional layers in high-wear areas to enhance durability and protection. Others may be lined with materials like wool or cotton-foam linings to provide extra heat resistance and comfort.
Protective Clothing
Welders should consider wearing flame-resistant clothing to protect against not just heat and sparks, but also UV radiation. Long-sleeved shirts, long pants without cuffs, and high-top leather boots are advisable to prevent skin exposure.
Materials like heavyweight, tightly woven wool or cotton are pretty much the standard for welding shirts and jackets. It’s essential to avoid synthetic fabrics, as they can melt when exposed to high temperatures, causing severe burns. Leather or suede welding jackets provide even more protection, especially in conditions where sparks may fall onto the person welding. However, they’re considerably warmer to wear if they’re not required.
Hearing Protection
Certain welding processes can produce noise levels that may lead to hearing loss over time. Wearing earplugs or earmuffs can protect against excessive noise and prevent sparks or debris from entering the ear canal. If you have a long welding project, you’ll be thankful for the comfort a couple of disposable earplugs can provide.
Breathing Protection
Welding fumes can contain hazardous substances, including metal oxides and gases, posing respiratory risks. Welding galvanized steel, for instance, produces particularly deadly fumes. Depending on the ventilation and specific welding environment, a respirator may be necessary to filter out harmful particles and gases. Options range from disposable filtering facepiece respirators to more robust elastomeric respirators, which can offer a better fit and seal.
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